1.并列与递进

　　and, or, also，neither…nor…，either…or…， like, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, in a like manner, that is to say, too, both, each, also, as well as, the same …as, in fact, compared with, in common, besides, additionally, for one thing, for another; one, the other; first of all/ to begin with/first/firstly; second/secondly/next; furthermore/moreover/beyond that/besides/in addition/what is more/also; finally.

　　2.转折与让步

　　but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, conversely, nor, otherwise, rather, rather than, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, nonetheless, despite, in spite of , different from, in contrast （with/to）， instead （of）， the opposite （of）。

　　3.因果

　　because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, so…as to, consequently, in consequence of, as a consequence, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, owing to, seeing that, the reason why…， result in, result from, lead to, to have an effect on, in this way, on account of, on the ground of, of course.

　　4.例证

　　such as, for example, for instance, of（these, those, them）， among（these, those, them）， to illustrate, as an illustration, one example is, to take an example, more specifically speaking, a case in point, namely, incidentally, that is.

　　5.分总

　　generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in a word, on the whole, to conclude, to sum up, in summary, to summarize, in short, in brief, to be brief, on the whole, in conclusion, as has been pointed out, to repeat, as I have said above, once again, after all, in fact, above all, surely, most important of all, in such cases.