考研英语阅读理解为40分，占总分比例的五分之二，素有“得阅读者得天下”的说法。笔者认为，考生如果想在考研英语中获得60分，阅读理解需要至少拿到24分，最佳阅读时间需要控制在四篇文章60-70分钟完成。为了帮助广大考生在2013年考试中取得理想成绩，笔者将此类问题总结如下。

　　一、考研大纲阅读理解对考生考查具体能力的要求

　　1、理解主旨要义

　　2、理解文中的具体信息

　　3、理解文中的概念性含义

　　4、进行有关的判断、推理和引申

　　5、根据上下文推测生词的词义

　　6、理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系

　　7、理解作者的意图、观点和态度

　　8、区分论点和论据

　　通过以上分析，我们可以得出，英语阅读理解要考察以下几种题型：

　　第一种题型：主旨题，考查学生理解主旨要义。

　　第二种题型：细节题，考查学生理解文中的具体信息和概念性要义。

　　第三种题型：推断题，考查学生进行有关推理和引申能力。

　　第四种题型：一般细节题，考查学生进行有关判断能力。

　　第五种题型：词汇题，考查学生根据上下文推测生词的能力。

　　第六种题型：句子题，考查学生理解文章总体结构以及上下文之间的关系。例如原因题、概括段落大意题、读懂主旨句、由几个段落找细节能力。

　　第七种题型：态度题，考查学生理解作者意图、观点和态度能力。

　　第八种题型：论点+论据题，考查学生区分论点和论据的能力

　　二、各种题型的具体解题思路

　　通过对往年考研真题题型作统计分析，笔者认为2013年考研英语，出题人将重点考察以下几种题型：主旨题、论点+论据题、推断题和细节题。针对上述题型，笔者现提供以下解题方法，供大家参考。

　　第一种题型：主旨题

　　（一）主要考察：对短文整体理解概括的能力，一般是第一或最后一个题。

　　（二）特征：be mainly about; be mainly discuss; main idea/ purpose; best title; best summarize等。

　　（三）解题方法

　　1、N+2原则，辅助核心词验证

　　（1）N+2原则是指：仔细阅读文章首末段首末句和其他段落的首句

　　（2）核心词是指：反映文章中心思想的名词，往往在每个段落都会提到。

　　（3）一般来说，核心词位于主语和宾语位置的选项往往保留，最后辅助感情色彩词验证。

　　【注意】文章中心一般出现在首段首末句、第二段前两句话和末段尾句

　　【注意】如果选项中都包含核心词，往往还需要辅助第二核心词加以选择。

　　（四）真题练习

　　【实战1】

　　When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.

　　McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.

　　As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.

　　The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”

　　Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.

　　Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”

　　30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

　　[A]CEOs: Where to Go?

　　[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?

　　[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net

　　[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers

　　【实战1解析】利用N+2原则就可以轻松得出最佳答案C。干扰选项AB。许多考生认为CEOs好像原文都提到而且很相似，但是不要忽略后面的冒号，往往冒号后面的具体解释内容在这里是重点。选项D中的only way out唯一出路的意思，没有提到。选项C在每个段落的一开始几乎都提到。

　　第二种题型：论点+论据题型

　　（一）考察能力：区分论点和论据

　　（二）特征：case，example，story

　　（三）解题方法

　　1、如果例子出现在文章第一段的首句，则举例作用往往是引出话题introduce the topic，话题在后； 或表明或说明一个结论，结论在后。

　　2、如果例子出现在段落中间，则证明论点，论点往往在前。【形式】for example; the typical case is ---。如果例子本身含有but，则论点往往在后。

　　3、通过对比，突出事物的某一方面。（例如，“小王一口气吃两个包子，我一口气吃三个包子。”举小王一口气吃两个包子的作用往往是突出我能吃。）

　　【注意】题干会提示举例目的：show, illustrate, demonstrate, justify, prove, introduce

　　（四）真题练习

　　【实战1】Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.

　　42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.

　　[A] introduce the topic of online spying

　　[B] show how he fought for the U.S.

　　[C] give an episode of the information war

　　[D] honor his unique services to the CIA

　　【实战2】If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.

　　34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of

　　[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.

　　[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.

　　[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.

　　[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.

　　【实战1解析】开头举例作用为引出话题，答案选择A。

　　【实战2解析】句中举例，证明论点，答案往前找，根据the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful 答案选择A。

　　第三种题型：推断题

　　（一）考察能力：进行有关的判断、推理和引申

　　（二）特征：infer; inference; conclude; conclusion; imply; suggest

　　（三）解题方法

　　1、首先排除含有绝对选项词的选项，例如all, only（考研只出现过一次例外含有all的选项被选择。）

　　2、含有委婉选项词的选项保留，例如may, might, be likely to, be unlikely to（考研只出现过2011年两次例外。）

　　3、根据顺序和关键词定位到文章某一段落的首末句，特别是含有may, might, but, however的首末句。如果做不出，就看中间转折处或结论处，往往就是推断的标准出处。

　　【注意】推断题重点考段意，不考细节，所以要注意转折处、结论处和各种重要句式，例如if, because等。

　　（四）真题练习

　　【实战1】The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.

　　53. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.

　　[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad

　　[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide

　　[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief

　　[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business

　　【实战2】Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”

　　29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

　　[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.

　　[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.

　　[C]top performers care more about reputations.

　　[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.

　　【实战1解析】根据最后一句话but，表示这个过程代价昂贵，耗费时间，只有在极端的案例中才成功，言外之意不大可能申诉成功，答案选择C。

　　【实战2解析】根据句中but所引导的句子，表示传统规则认为待在原有位置更安全，言外之意说明过去人们常常待在位置不轻易跳槽。答案选择A。

　　第四种题型：细节题

　　（一）考察能力：定位原文，理解文章具体信息，同义替换。

　　（二）特征：除“主旨、态度、原因细节、论点+论据、词汇、句子、推断”上述7大题型之外的所有的题均属一般细节题。

　　（三）解题方法

　　1、画出题干关键词：大写字母、数字+引号里面的词、副词+形容词+名词。

　　2、根据顺序定位到文章某一段的某一句话。

　　3、划出该句子的主谓宾，拿着主语和宾语到选项中做同义替换，先看主语后看宾语。

　　【注意】如果实在做不出，就看感情色彩。细节题关键考察同义替换。

　　（四）真题练习

　　【真题1】

　　Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.

　　23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers__________.23.作者认为，忠实的音乐爱好者__________.

　　[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[A]忽视了现场演出的花费

　　[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[B]拒绝大多数录音演出

　　[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[C]夸大了现场演出的种类

　　[D]overestimate the value of live performances.[D]高估了现场演出的价值

　　【解析】这个题目关键在于定语从句的破解，说的是忠实音乐爱好者认为唱片不能替代现场音乐会。而作者认为他们的观点miss the point（没有抓住要领），意思说他们的观点是错误的。言外之意，音乐爱好者高估了现场音乐会的价值，答案选择D。

　　【真题2】

　　The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.

　　21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has__________.21.我们从第一段中知道，吉尔伯特的任命__________.

　　[A]incurred criticism.[A]招致批评

　　[B]raised suspicion.[B]引起怀疑

　　[C]received acclaim. [C]得到称赞

　　[D]aroused curiosity.[D]引发好奇

　　【解析】根据感情色彩词，原文favorable表达的感情色彩为“好”，所以首先排除AB，选项D好奇偏中性，最终选择答案C。